ACC&D Projects

Managing Free-Roaming Cat Populations to Meet Your Goals

Knowing the impacts of different management strategies can help people make more informed choices. It can also help create better, more cost-effective management policies.

Featured resources to help your TNR efforts

 
Cover page of document

New January 2022

Practical take-aways from our latest paper “Guidance for management of free-roaming community cats: a bioeconomic analysis” without all the technical background.

Updated April 2022

A guide on how to count cats to inform TNR work, ensure your efforts are yielding desired results, and adjust if necessary.

New May 2022

After you’ve read Counting Cats and have started to collect data, use this tool to calculate your progress toward recommended sterilization targets.

Working to improve how free-roaming cats (FRCs) are managed

Trap-Neuter-Return (TNR) programs certainly benefit individual cats. However, many programs also strive to reduce numbers of cats at the community level, which is ACC&D’s goal, too. But this raises questions: 

  • What’s the best way to reduce numbers of FRCs?

  • What must be done for humane approaches to be more effective than lethal removal?

  • What is the cost? 

Knowing the impacts of different management strategies can help people make more informed choices. It can also help create better, more cost-effective management policies.

ACC&D did just this, convening a team of experts to build a bioeconomic model that looks at both costs and population impacts. It helps answer crucial questions for the animal welfare community, policymakers, conservationists, and anyone seeking to manage FRCs.

Our finding, in a nutshell: TNR can work extremely well! The best population reductions and economic efficiency require that sterilizations be “frontloaded” and performed intensively early in the intervention. The most effective model sterilized 75% of cats in a first big push, and then sterilized 75% of any remaining or new intact cats during the next 6-month period. Though this requires a lot of resources upfront, it can quickly move into a less-intensive maintenance phase, and your hard work will pay off long-term. The model showed that intensive sterilization additionally leads to the lowest number of “preventable” deaths of kittens and cats of any management strategy that we evaluated.

Meanwhile, for removal to be effective, it must be done at an intensity that is not commonly practiced given the number of cats needing to be killed on a continual basis, and the inevitable community pushback. Real-world removal tends to be more sporadic, which is both inhumane and minimally effective.

 The take-away: research supports TNR, but we must do it strategically to get the results that advocates want to see.

And no matter the intervention, abandonment of new cats can quickly undermine progress, speaking to the importance of holistic community policies and support for vulnerable populations of owners and pets.

Keep reading to see our publications and guidance translating the science into practical steps to improve TNR impact.

 
 
 

More Resources

ACC&D’s Free-Roaming Cat Model Development Team

  • Aaron Anderson, PhD - National Wildlife Research Center, USDA APHIS

  • Valerie Benka, MS, MPP - Alliance for Contraception in Cats & Dogs

  • John Boone, PhD - Great Basin Bird Observatory

  • Joyce Briggs, MS - Alliance for Contraception in Cats & Dogs

  • Julie Levy, DVM, PhD, DACVIM - University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine

  • Philip Miller, PhD - IUCN SSC Conservation Planning Specialist Group

  • Felicia Nutter, DVM, PhD, DACZM - Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts University

  • Margaret Slater, DVM, PhD - ASPCA

  • Chris Slootmaker, PhD - National Wildlife Research Center, USDA APHIS

  • Steve Zawistowski, PhD, CAAB - ASPCA (retired), Hunter College Program in Animal Behavior and Conservation